A comprehensive review of the infrared contributions to environmental galaxy evolution
Alberts & Noble 2022 is a holistic look at what we know about overdense environments, from local clusters to high-z proto-clusters​, from near- to far-infrared imaging and spectroscopy.  Topics covered include:
  • Infrared Surveys of (Proto-)clusters and Future Prospects
    • ​How the near-infrared, the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) Effect, and rare galaxy populations have expanded our (proto-)cluster surveys and the order of magnitude increase expected for future surveys
  • The Near-Infrared: Stellar Mass Functions and Quenched Populations
    • ​What we know from the quiescent populations of clusters, from the stellar mass-dependence of quenching in clusters to pre-processing​​​
  • The Mid- to Far-Infrared: Dust-Obscured Star Formation and AGN​
    • How infrared observations have traced star formation activity in clusters to high redshift, revealing an epoch of vigorous activity (see next section).  We also explore how Dusty Star Forming Galaxies are illuminating the nature of proto-clusters​
  • The Far-Infrared to Submillimeter: Dust and Gas Measurements
    • ​Molecular gas is fundamental to galaxy quenching.  We cover the recent integrated to spatially resolved submillimeter measurements in low to high-z (proto-)clusters and what we can learn about environmental quenching
  • Total Emission from (Proto-)Clusters: "Total Light" Stacking
    • ​Large cluster surveys will require statistical techniques, averaging over many halos.  We examine the multiple uses of infrared image stacking.
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Figure from Alberts & Noble 2022. Halo mass and redshift distribution of cluster candidates identified in large (> 100 sq deg) NIR-based and SZ surveys. Infrared-based cluster surveys have grown by orders of magnitude in the last several years and now span 0 < z < 2 and log M_500/M_⊙ ∼ 13.5 − 15. Future surveys are projected to increase this by orders of magnitude.
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Figure from Oteo et al. 2018. The Distant Red Core, a proto-cluster at z = 4.002. (left) The 870μm LABOCA map (27" resolution) (Middle) ALMA 2mm continuum map of LABOCA sources A and B, which resolves into 11 discrete sources, 10 of which are in the proto-cluster. (right) A high-resolution (0.12′′) ALMA 870μm map of source DRC-1, which resolves further into three star-forming clumps.

And finally, a synthesized view of quenching in overdense environments...

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Figure from Alberts & Noble 2022. A cartoon schematic of the potential quenching pathways in massive halos during cosmic noon. For a full description of the different Scenarios and the evidence supporting them, grab the review and fall down the rabbit hole of galaxy quenching.

​The epoch of star formation in massive galaxy clusters
We've long known that galaxies in galaxy clusters (massive dark matter haloes that contain huge overdensities of galaxies and hot gas) live different lives than their cousins outside.  They grow faster and shut down their star formation earlier, such that old, nearby galaxy clusters are full of old, red, dead galaxies.  

Galaxy clusters start their lives as sprawling massive proto-clusters at high redshift (z>2) before collapsing into compact haloes.  Do their galaxy population change at the proto-cluster stage or do they need the compact environment of the cluster?
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Using Herschel SPIRE imaging at 250μm, we studied the obscured star formation in mass-limited galaxy populations in 274 massive clusters spanning z=0.3-1.5. We found that while cluster galaxies have a more rapid evolution then field galaxies (as expected), at the highest redshifts (z~1.5), cluster galaxies have similar SFRs and specific-SFRs as field galaxies.  This activity demonstrates that massive (virialized) clusters can still host significant star formation right into their cores, followed by a transition era to quenched populations.  Read more: Alberts et al. 2014, MNRAS, 437, 437
The fraction of AGN as a function of cluster radius, normalized to the field level.  At the highest redshifts (bottom panel), AGN-dominated and AGN-composite galaxies are found in excess of what is expected in the field, suggesting environmental triggering.
The total star formation activity per halo mass for (proto-)clusters with infrared observations across the literature (Alberts & Noble 2022).
We followed up this study with targeted ultra-deep Herschel PACS imaging at 100 and 160μm to look at 11 massive clusters in detail.  We found significant variation between the clusters (indicating the importance of statistical cluster studies), but with the same trend toward field-like star formation activity in the cluster cores at z~1.4.  The evolution in the star formation activity in these suggests a rapid quenching mechanism at z~1.4 (perhaps mergers and AGN activity) followed by less rapid mechanisms taking over (perhaps gas stripping).  Building on this, we revisited our full cluster sample and analysed the mass-limited galaxy populations for signs of AGN activity.  Using SED fitting, we categorized galaxies as  AGN-dominated, AGN-composite, host-composite, and host-dominated.  Within the cores of the highest redshift clusters (left), we found clear signs of enhanced AGN activity.  Read more: Alberts et al. 2016, ApJ, 825, 72

Directly connecting this activity to cluster galaxy quenching relied on ongoing studies of AGN feedback; however, these studies confirm that the epoch of z~1-2 is an active and important time in the lives of clusters, which must be connected to the precursor activity in proto-clusters at earlier epochs.